REVELATIONS BIGGEST SURPRISE Essay Example For Students

Disclosures BIGGEST SURPRISE Essay A growing industry today is Space Tourism, that expects well have the option to book ourselves on space excursions inside the following 10-20 yearsif we can address the cost. On the off chance that youre inspired by space travel, keen on discovering Whats out there past our earth, yet you dont have the money to contribute, what about an unfathomable length of time long excursion that is offered to you free? Divine beings extreme award for the recovered is undeniably more energizing than any excursion in the confined quarters of some man-made space transport! Christ offers us a definitive space venture. Well travel with Him through the brilliant sky. Yet, first should happen the expressions of Revelation 11:15 The realms of this world have become the realms of our Lord. All through the ages, natural realms have emerged to challenge the realm of God. There has been a fight for the seat, a fight brought into sharp concentration in the Old Testament Book of Daniel. Sacred writing contains two books of end-time prescience: Daniel and Revelation. Opening Daniels images makes Revelations predictions clear. Furthermore, Jesus articulation in Matthew 24:15 guides us to comprehend Daniel the prophet . . . whoever peruses, let him comprehend. One of the most entrancing Bible parts is Daniel 2. A ruler longed for world occasions that traversed 2,500 years. Those occasions have happened with such exactness that lone the hand of God could have been included. Its a prescience that demonstrates without question that God is in charge of history. It is a prescience that has been completely satisfied . . . nearly, yet not exactly. Daniel 2:1 says: In the second year of Nebuchadnezzars rule, Nebuchadnezzar had dreams; and his soul was upset to such an extent that his rest left him. This was the lord who governed the incomparable Babylonian Empire 500 years before Christ, the ruler who constructed the sumptuous Hanging Gardensone of the Seven Wonders of the World. Nebuchadnezzar had a fantasy which appeared of extraordinary noteworthiness, yet when he stirred, he was unable to recollect what he had imagined. So he called his insightful menwho professed to see into the futureand requested that they determine what he had imagined. At the point when they conceded that they proved unable, Nebuchadnezzar sentenced them to death. Presently youthful Daniel, however a wartime captive in Babylon, was considered as a part of the savvy men for his skilled knowledge and comprehension. At the point when the lords skipper came to execute Daniel, he requested chance to petition God for God to uncover the dreamand God did! At that point Daniel, assuming no acknowledgment to himself, went before Nebuchadnezzar and told the ruler that no human man could uncover the fantasy. In any case, there is a God in paradise who uncovers privileged insights, and He has uncovered . . . what will be in the last days. Daniel 2:28. The lords dream concentrated on end-times, the end of earths history. The fantasy begins with Nebuchadnezzar and walks through history to the current day. So Daniel mentioned to the ruler what he had envisioned: You, O lord, were watching: and observe, an incredible picture. . . This pictures head was of fine gold, its chest and arms of silver, its paunch and thighs of bronze, its legs of iron, its feet halfway of iron and somewhat of earth. You viewed while a stone was removed without hands, which struck the picture on its feet of iron and dirt, and broke them in pieces. At that point the iron, the dirt, the bronze, the silver, and the gold were squashed together, and became like refuse from the late spring sifting floors; the breeze diverted them with the goal that no hint of them was found. What's more, the stone that struck the picture turned into an incredible mountain and filled the entire earth. .u3ac7bd6940906f2b64bd9c699d98d347 , .u3ac7bd6940906f2b64bd9c699d98d347 .postImageUrl , .u3ac7bd6940906f2b64bd9c699d98d347 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u3ac7bd6940906f2b64bd9c699d98d347 , .u3ac7bd6940906f2b64bd9c699d98d347:hover , .u3ac7bd6940906f2b64bd9c699d98d347:visited , .u3ac7bd6940906f2b64bd9c699d98d347:active { border:0!important; } .u3ac7bd6940906f2b64bd9c699d98d347 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u3ac7bd6940906f2b64bd9c699d98d347 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u3ac7bd6940906f2b64bd9c699d98d347:active , .u3ac7bd6940906f2b64bd9c699d98d347:hover { darkness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u3ac7bd6940906f2b64bd9c699d98d347 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: rel ative; } .u3ac7bd6940906f2b64bd9c699d98d347 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enrichment: underline; } .u3ac7bd6940906f2b64bd9c699d98d347 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u3ac7bd6940906f2b64bd9c699d98d347 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enhancement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3ac7bd6940906f2b64bd9c699d98d347:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u3ac7bd6940906f2b64b d9c699d98d347 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u3ac7bd6940906f2b64bd9c699d98d347-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u3ac7bd6940906f2b64bd9c699d98d347:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Christian confirmations Essay Daniel 2:31-35. The King was energized! Indeed, that is it! That is it! he cried. That is actually what I saw! Be that as it may, Daniel, I'm not catching it's meaning? I'm not catching it's meaning not exclusively to Nebuchadnezzar yet to you and me? Daniel proceeded: You, O King, . . . are this head of GOLD. Daniel 2:37-38. The Babylonian Empire of Nebuchadnezzar (which utilized gold than any realm since) was secure as the prevailing force to be reckoned with from 605 B.C. .

Norwalk Agreement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Norwalk Agreement - Essay Example The FASB sets the bookkeeping measures in the US, while the IASB plays out an equal capacity on a worldwide level. Along these lines, the FASB and the IASB met on a few events to reaffirm their duty to the prior understanding. This they did as such in April and October of 2005 and on February 27, 2006 reconvened to draft a plan of combination between the FASB’s GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) and the IASB’s IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards), to be actualized somewhere in the range of 2006 and 2008 (Gibson 65). Transient points were spread out on the table subject to assessment by both or separately by both of the gatherings just as significant themes. In July 2007, execution revealing was handled where a proposition to change the design of the essence of budget reports was made. Ongoing occasions, such SEC’s declaration of acknowledgment of IFRS in lieu of GAAP and an understanding marked by Bush permitting utilization of IFRS rat her than GAAP, show a probability of appropriation of a considerably changed IFRS and the disposal of the US GAAP (Gibson 65; Fletcher 1-4). References: (2002) The Norwalk Agreement. Fletcher, Leslie. Update on the Norwalk Agreement: Progress Towards IFRS?GAAP Harmonization. 29 October 2009.

ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Bookkeeping AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 3 - Essay Example Likewise, ABF Plc. being a low outfitted capital organized organization as Woolworth Plc, it would make the comparative conditions for resources misuses in the two organizations. This is so as the fundamental thought of the two organizations is to secure their value holders. The exhibition of Woolworth Ltd. is dissected on premise of gainfulness and pace of bring proportions back. With the end goal of this investigation Gross Profit proportion, Net benefit Ratio, Return on Total Assets (ROA), and Return on Equity (ROE) has been chosen. Net revenue proportions show the connection among benefit and deals. Since benefit can be estimated at various stages, there are a few proportions of net revenue. The most mainstream are Gross Profit, and Net Profit proportion. The Rate of Return proportions, that are additionally execution analyzers, mirror the connection among benefit and speculation. The Return on Assets proportion and Return on Equity proportion have utilized for the reason with the goal that an ideal exhibition investigation is made fro Woolworth Ltd. These proportions are determined in joined annexure. The Gross benefit proportion for Woolworth Ltd. has been great throughout the years. It has ascended from 24.89% in 2005 to 25.03% in 2006 lastly to 25.32% in 2007. The fundamental explanation behind such consistently rise is successful utilization of operational assets by Woolworth Ltd., staying up with expanding turnover during this period. The company’s income is $ 42477.1m in 2007 when contrasted with 37734.2m and 31352.5m in 2006 and 2005 separately. Ordinarily it is seen that gross edges go down at whatever point there is a nonstop increment in income. Be that as it may, Woolworths has kept up its expense of products sold totally in charge to mirror the expanding gross edges. The achievement appeared by Woolworths in net edges has been adequately rehashed in net edges. The company’s net benefit proportion was 4.15% in 2005, and that has ascended to 4.56% in 2006, and to 4.19%. This is rise is acceptable yet the hole between net benefit and net benefit is

Do Insects Hibernate in the Winter

Do Insects Hibernate in the Winter A creepy crawly doesn’t have the advantage of muscle to fat ratio, similar to bears and groundhogs, to endure frigid temperatures and shield inside liquids from going to ice. Like all ectotherms, creepy crawlies need an approach to adapt to fluctuating temperatures in their condition. In any case, do bugs sleep? In an exceptionally broad sense, hibernation alludes to the state wherein creatures pass the winter.1 Hibernation recommends the creature is in a torpid state, with its digestion eased back and multiplication delayed. Bugs dont essentially rest the way warm-blooded creatures do. But since the accessibility of host plants and food sources are constrained throughout the winter in cool districts, creepy crawlies do suspend their standard exercises and enter a torpid state. So how do bugs endure the virus winter months? Various creepy crawlies utilize various procedures to abstain from sticking to death when the temperature falls. A few bugs utilize a mix of methodologies to endure the winter. Relocation At the point when it gets cold, leave! A few creepy crawlies head to hotter climes, or if nothing else better conditions, when winter climate draws near. The most well known moving creepy crawly is the ruler butterfly. Rulers in the eastern U.S. also, Canada fly up to 2,000 miles to spend their winter in Mexico. Numerous different butterflies and moths additionally relocate regularly, including the bay fritillary, the painted woman, the dark cutworm, and fall armyworm. Normal green darners, dragonflies that possess lakes and lakes as far north as Canada, relocate too. Common Living At the point when it gets cold, group up! There’s warmth in numbers for certain bugs. Bumble bees bunch together as the temperatures drop, and utilize their aggregate body warmth to keep themselves and the brood warm. Ants and termites head beneath the ice line, where their enormous numbers and put away food keep them agreeable until spring shows up. A few creepy crawlies are known for their cool climate totals. Concurrent woman insects, for instance, assemble altogether on rocks or branches during spells of chilly climate. Indoor Living At the point when it gets cold, move inside! A lot to the dismay of property holders, a few bugs look for cover in the glow of human abodes when winter draws near. Each fall, people groups houses are attacked by box senior bugs, Asian diverse woman scarabs, earthy colored marmorated smell bugs, and others. While these bugs seldom cause harm inside †theyre simply searching for a comfortable spot to hold up out the winter †they may discharge putrid substances when compromised by a property holder attempting to expel them. Torpor At the point when it gets cold, remain still! Certain bugs, especially ones that live in higher elevations or close to the Earth’s posts, utilize a condition of torpor to endure drops in temperature. Torpor is an impermanent condition of suspension or rest, during which the creepy crawly is totally stable. The New Zealand weta, for instance, is a flightless cricket that lives in high heights. At the point when temperatures drop at night, the cricket freezes strong. As sunshine warms the weta, it comes out of the slow state and continues movement. Diapause At the point when it gets cold, rest! In contrast to torpor, diapause is a drawn out condition of suspension. Diapause synchronizes the insect’s life cycle with regular changes in its condition, including winter conditions. Set forth plainly, if it’s too cold to even think about flying and there’s nothing to eat, you should enjoy a reprieve (or respite). Creepy crawly diapause may happen in any phase of advancement: Eggs †Praying mantids endure the winter as eggs, which rise in spring.Larvae †Wooly bear caterpillars twist up in thick layers of leaf litter for winter. In spring, they turn their cocoons.Pupa †Black swallowtails spend winter as chrysalids, developing as butterflies when warm climate returns.Adults †Mourning shroud butterflies sleep as grown-ups for the winter, tucking themselves behind free bark or in tree pits. Radiator fluid At the point when it gets cold, bring down your the point of solidification! Numerous creepy crawlies plan for the virus by making their own liquid catalyst. Throughout the fall, creepy crawlies produce glycerol, which increments in the hemolymph. Glycerol gives the creepy crawly body â€Å"supercooling† capacity, permitting body liquids to dip under freezing focuses without causing ice harm. Glycerol additionally brings down the point of solidification, making bugs progressively cool lenient, and shields tissues and cells from harm during frosty conditions in the earth. In spring, glycerol levels drop once more. References 1 Definition from Hibernation, by Richard E. Lee, Jr., Miami University of Ohio. Reference book of Insects, second release, altered by Vincent H. Resh and Ring T. Carde.

How to Use Food Desert Essay Samples

How to Use Food Desert Essay SamplesHave you ever wanted to write a food desert essay sample, but didn't have the time or resources to spend on writing? In this article I'll share with you some examples of topics you can research and learn about. After all, you don't have to be a writer in order to use resources that are available to you.Food deserts are places where a person will not find food that is readily available. This might include a small grocery store that is located in a desolate area. It could also be a food desert, which means that there are no supermarkets in a certain area. It might be that the only grocery stores you can get to in your area are farther away.In order to understand the importance of a food desert, you first need to understand what happens when you do not have access to certain types of food. When you live in a place where you have a hard time getting to certain things, your health and well-being will suffer. In fact, there is actually a connection betwe en eating healthily and healthy living. That connection is that people who live in poor areas are more likely to get heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, strokes, and obesity.Another good example is that there are people who have an addiction to drugs in these places. While a lot of these people have other problems that are tied to poverty, having access to drugs and alcohol in an environment like this will cause a lot of physical and mental stress for the person. A good way to show this is to use an essay sample that has a setting like this.Another thing that is great about using essay samples like this is that they are simple and easy to use. This is something that students usually find hard to do, because they just want to tear their hair out because they don't know how to fit in the paragraphs or even the topic. Using easy to understand format allows students to focus on the content of the essay and not the formatting.The third thing to think about is that a lot of stud ents feel like they are unable to write about certain subjects in their essays. You should realize that you can use a variety of different resources in order to learn about your topic. For example, ask your teacher or counselor for assistance. Also, find an essay topic that you are interested in learning about, but don't feel like you should write about it unless you are really comfortable with the topic.Remember that you should always go into an essay sample thinking about what you want to accomplish and how to accomplish it. If you try to force yourself to read something that you don't want to read then you are not going to get very far. There are a lot of resources that are easily accessible and you just need to find what is right for you.The next time you are in the mood to write an essay, remember that you can take advantage of the resources available to you and food desert essay samples are one of them. You just need to be willing to find a topic that you are really interested in learning about. Remember that you don't have to be a writer in order to use resource material that is available to you.

Perspectives on Learning Essay - 1100 Words

Perspectives on Learning (Essay Sample) Content: An Essay onComparing and ContrastingVarious Perspectives on Learning and Their ImplicationsFor Human Resource DevelopmentName of StudentID NumberCourse Name Course NumberInstructorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameDateIntroductionInterest in learning and teaching is not new. As a matter of fact, there have been various theories discussing diverse perspectives on learning. Great philosophers and thinkers have contributed much to these perspectives. Applications of these concepts and theories have brought new light to the contemporary world of learning. More significant, however, are the implications of these learning perspectives for human resource development. Human resource development functions to promote learning, enhance human potential, encourage high-quality performance in the workplace, and play a role in human development sustainability.This paper presents the three different learning perspectives of three different authors: self-efficacy (Zimmerman), communities of practice a nd social learning systems (Wenger), and expansive learning (Engestrom).Perspectives on LearningA. Self-EfficacySelf-efficacy is one factor that promotes motivation and learning. The term self-efficacy refers to "own perceptions of skills to bring together and implement significant actions to accomplish defined goals" (Zimmerman 83).Every learnerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s self-efficacy theories or one's views concerning their skill to accomplish an undertaking, impact their behavior with regard to learning tasks. These beliefs are wide-ranging in a way that they vary based upon criteria and context for mastery. For that reason, self-efficacy beliefs may vary in all tasks (Zimmerman). An individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s self-efficacy concepts may vary for each task and context. This depends on how the person perceives the difficulty level of a task. In so doing, after assessing the level of difficulty, the person becomes motivated to accomplish the task successfully. Therefore, since there is parallelism i n an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s perception and performance, self-efficacy then is an excellent tool in predicting the outcome of performance.According to Zimmerman, learners having high self-efficacy for a task - take part more willingly, work harder, persevere longer, select more stimulating tasks, and facilitate troubles in learning with usage of metacognitive approaches. For learners to be successful, they must practice control by stimulating and regulating thoughts, behaviours, and thoughts. Furthermore, they must know how to cope with their learning environment in an effective way. Successful learners adapt to learning by means of goal-setting, focus retention, organization of workloads and workspace, and involving oneself in useful learning approaches (Zimmerman.B. Communities of Practice and Social Learning SystemsWhat a person knows is a social act. This has significant implication in the manner one thinks and tries to provide learning support. Such concepts are beneficial to in dividuals confronted with all forms of challenges.Communities are the fundamental units of a social learning environment since they are the center of social competencies that comprise this environment (Wenger 225). There are three main classifications that describe involvement and development in the context of a social learning environment and a community of practice à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ engagement, imagination, and alignment.Engagement may be defined as the manner in which members are engaging in community activities. Imagination is the interpretation of an image to enable an individual to make a thoughtful consideration on various opportunities and possibilities. This, in turn, helps members in shaping their minds to be able to come up with an excellent way to influence and contribute in a community. Alignment ensures that a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s undertakings are in line with methods given.According to Wenger, learning refers to identity transformation that involves connectedness, expansivene ss, and effectiveness. Connectedness involves shared experiences, histories, affections, reciprocity, and commitment. Expansiveness promotes multiple communities of practices and participates in boundary interactions. Effectiveness allows comprehensive social involvement.C. Expansive Learning at WorkLearning theories and concepts focus on the different methods and approaches where a person obtains some skills or knowledge through which there is change in behaviour. It is a self-manifested assumption that the skill or knowledge obtained is stable and well-defined.According to Engestrom, any learning concept must be able to answer four significant queries: Who are learning? Why are they learning the subject? What are they learning? How are they learning?In school, an individual learns simply to avoid getting low grades. In this way, learning is defensive than expansive. Students simply learn the importance of pleasing their teachers, passing examinations, and belonging to a group. Exp ansive learning is the first step to the process itself. The method of expansive learning has seven fundamental steps: Ethnographic analysis, transformation, representation, implementation, concretization, reflection, and teaching. Expansive learning finds solutions to societal problems.Comparing and ContrastingThe three perspectives on learning may be similar in their motivational agenda which acquisition of knowledge and application of this knowledge, but these perspectives on learning differ in the acquisition and application of knowledge.For Zimmerman, a person becomes motivated through self-efficacy. Thus, we can say that perception, learning, and motivation are self-driven behaviours. A person performs a task through knowledge and capabilities. Knowing that an individual will be able to perform a task with greater efficiency, that is self-efficacy. Optimism and trust in oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s skills, knowledge, and capabilities may be considered as the driving force in achieving goal s.For Wenger, a person learns through community exposures. Participation and interaction are the main ingredients in achieving learning. Without exposure to various communities, a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s learning becomes limited. Through community exposures, a person gets to learn the different practices. Wengerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s perception encourages going beyond oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s boundaries and keeping touch with people in the various aspects and sectors of society. Only then learning will take place when a person widens his or her circle of boundaries.For Engestrom, learning should not be compacted and limited on the four walls of the classroom or actual learning will not take place. External factors motivate a person to learn. An individual simply learns to get better grades, to gain more friends, or to obtain praises from teachers and parents. Engestrom postulates that real learning happens when a person finds solutions to present problems. Moreover, learning is only evident when there is real life application and outcome.To summarize, the three authors focused on certain things: Zimmerman focuses on self; Wenger focuses on community, and Engestrom focuses on society.Implications for Hu...

Different firms objectives - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3275 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Firms may have different objectives to achieve. However in theory, a firm should set its objectives to increase its value for its owners. Shareholders are the owners of a firm. Therefore according to theory maximising shareholders wealth is the fundamental objective of a firm. (Watson Head Corporate Finance principles and practice 2007) Investors generally expect to earn satisfactory returns on their investments as they require increasing the value of their investments as much as possible. This is usually determined by dividend payout and or capital gains by increasing the market value of the share price. The managers of the company act on behalf of the investors, such as operating day to day activities and making decisions within the business. In another way they do have the control of the business entity. However, firms may have other objectives to achieve such as maximising of profits, growth and increasing its markets share. When achieving these objectives of a firm, conflicts may arise as a result of ownership and control. Managers may make their decisions on their own interests rather than achieving investors wealth. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Different firms objectives" essay for you Create order Discussing the investor related goals as described earlier, in theory behaviour of management should be consistent towards maximising shareholders wealth, enhancing the value of the business (Basely Brigham- Essentials of Managerial Finance).Value of the business is measured by valuing firms price of shares. Its essential to consider maximising of stock prices, and its impact to the investors and the economy as a whole simultaneously. Maximising profits is also an objective of a firm. It is determined by maximising the firms net profits. It is also can be described as a short term objective whilst maximising the value of the company is a long term objective for a firm (Financial Management Kaplan Publishers 2009). Therefore it is not necessary, maximising profits as maximising shareholders wealth because there are number of potential problems can be occurred adapting to an objective of profit maximisation. It will be discussed in the latter part of the report. Earnings per share (EPS) is one of the main indicators of the firms profitability and it is a broadly used method measuring firms success, as it is determined return to equity in theory(Financial Management Kaplan Publishers 2009).However, EPS doesnt expose the firms wealth since it is determined by using firms net profits. Therefore EPS is also exist the same criticism as profit maximisation above which will be discussing in the later part of the report. During the past ten years have seen a much greater emphasis on investor related goals. The conflict of ownership and control can be recognised as one of the significant causes which were affected investors and the world economy in the past ten years. The corporate scandals such as Enron, Maxwell and World com which occurred recent past had been lost investors confidence towards capital markets. Therefore its essential to consider the ethical behaviour and social responsibilities towards shareholder wealth maximisation simultaneously. It can also be said the institutional investors such as insurance companies and pension funds had also made a significant influence on investor related goals in the recent past. Review of Literature OBJECTIVE OF PROFIT MAXIMISATION According to Watson and Head 2007, whilst individuals manage their own cash flows, the financial manager involves in managing cash flows on behalf of the company, and its owners. In a firm financial management is concerned with taking decisions in three key areas which are financing, investing and dividend policy. Watson and Head also mentioned, shareholders wealth maximisation as the primary objective of the firm and at the same time the existence of other stakeholder groups such as creditors, employees, customers and community are also affected when adapting to a corporate goal. However the firm may adopt one or several objectives in short term whilst its pursued the objective of shareholders wealth maximisation in long term(Basely and Brigham; Essentials of Managerial Finance). Therefore it is essential to be considered the other possible objectives in short term as well as long term simultaneously. Reviewing one of the main objectives of profit maximisation, a classic article of Milton Friedman in the New York Times magazine 1970The social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its profits (Poitras, Geoffrey 1994). Considering classical views of Friedman (1970), Grant (1991), and Danley(1991), Geoffrey analysed the connection between shareholders wealth maximisation and profit maximisation, as an foundation for establishing an ethical analysis for shareholders wealth maximisation. However, Friedman had a moderate view later relating to the concept of profit maximisation towards social responsibilities. (Pradip N Khandwalla, Management paradigms beyond profit maximisation 2004) While there were similarities between these two objectives, Solomon; 1963, chp.2 highlighted the inconsistencies in his classic article (Poitras, Geoffrey 1994). Considering the above views from different authors, Geoffreys suggestion was Even though there are significant consistencies between these two goals, the goal of profit maximisation has designed for the traditional microeconomic environment and for the firms which do not have the conflict of ownership and control. It is also assumed that its applied for the environment where there was no uncertainty and no stock issues( Poitras, Geoffrey, 1994). According to Keown, Martin and Petty, 2008; Lasher 2008; Ross Westerfield, and Jordan; 2008, Managers are encouraged to maximise its current stock prices by the shareholder theory, therefore the criticisms are understandable. This approach determines the existence of agency problem towards incentive schemes, as incentives are rewarded with the continuous growth of share price and leads to an unethical behaviour of managers, towards manipulating the firms current stock prices (Daniel, Heck Shaffer). CONFLICT OF OWNERSHIP AND CONTROL The conflict of ownership and control was first identified by Adam Smith (RBS Review 1937) and he suggested that the Director cannot protect the other peoples money with the same way that he protects his money (Tony Howell; Shareholder ship model versus Stakeholder ship model). Its also mentioned in Tony and Howells article, that the separation of ownership and control make a significant influence for corporate behaviour and its deeply discussed by Berle and Means (1932). But La Porta et al. (1999) argued against Berle and Means, and he suggested its different from the large corporations, because the shareholders of large corporations involved in corporate governance actively where managers are unaccountable (Tony and Howell; shareholder ship model versus Stakeholder ship model). Winch (1971) suggested the goal of profit maximisation is consistent with the ethical theory of utilitarianism whilst allocating resources under different circumstances. (Poitras, Geoffrey 1994). Having considered Winchs suggestion related to the utilitarian theory and profit maximisation, Geoffreys (1994) view was that, inter temporal behaviour is important for firms and efficient investment has a significant affect towards maximising of profits as a result of uncertain future cash flows. It is also discussed the potential conflict of ownership and control. Therefore Geoffrey (1994) suggested the separation of ownership, the decision makers (managers) and owners (shareholders) are involved to the corporate structure. SHAREHOLDERS Vs STAKEHOLDERS Even though most of the economists and authors acknowledge the theory of shareholder wealth maximisation (Berle and Means, 1932; Friedman, 1962), other authors argued the criticisms of shareholder wealth maximisation. They argued that Shareholder Theory encourages the managers to make short term decisions and behave unethically as a result of the influence of the other stakeholders. According to Smith (2003) believed Shareholder theory is prepared to maximise short term objectives at the expense of long term goals (Daniel, Heck Shaffer; Journal of Applied Finance; winter 2008). However Daniel, Heck and Shaffer analysed the reasons for the criticism and the misguidance of the shareholders theory in their article about shareholder theory, How Opponents and Proponents Both Get it Wrong? The misguidance has been occurred as a result of pursuing a long term objective in shareholder theory. Managers should maximise the future cash flows and its important to consider the stakeholders accor dingly (Jensen, 2002; Sundaram and Inkpen, 2004a). According to Freeman (1984) a firm should consider both shareholders and stakeholders when making their business decisions. However Daniel, Heck and Shaffer describes that the stakeholder theory determines the same criticism as short term behaviour but the shareholder theory has got the protection for both shareholders and stakeholders in the long run. Therefore stakeholder theory is not predominant to shareholder theory. Daniel, Heck and Shaffer suggested the expected future cash flows to analyse the above scenario and they argued that its essential to undertake all the positive NPV projects to maximise shareholders wealth analysing towards maximising current stock price. If there was a goal of increasing of current share price, managers who are rewarded by incentives may attempt to boost the stock price of the firm. However Jenson (2005) and Danielson and press (2006) argued the effort to increase or maintain the stock prices by m anagement could be destroyed the long term values of the firm by manipulation, unethical behaviour, delaying NPV positive projects, reducing or not spending on research and development. Jenson has taken Enron as an example for explaining the above scenario. The management of Enron had hidden their debts through off balance sheet activities and by manipulating the company accounts (Daniel, Heck and Shaffer). Therefore Daniel, Heck and Shaffer suggested that its essential to design strategies which are consistent with the objective of increasing future cash flows rather than adopting an objective of increasing of current stock price to maximise the wealth of shareholders. Freeman, Wicks and Parmar (2004) argued that all the recent business scandals are oriented toward ever increasing shareholder value at the expense of other stakeholders (Poitras, Jefforey; 1994) After a number of high profile firms collapsed i:e: Enron, WorldCom and Arthur Anderson in US and Maxwell, Polly Peck, BCCI, Barings bank in UK, its been determined the requirement of a good Corporate Governance (Tony Howell; the shareholder ship model versus stakeholder ship model). According to Tony Howell, Corporate Governance has been growing for the past 25 years and the foundation for Corporate Governance was placed, after the introduction of Cadbury report in 1992 (UK). Omran et. al.2002; Mills, 1998; Fera, 1997 suggested the importance of Corporate Governance as a result of the new entrance of Institutional Investors to Capital markets, Globalisation of Capital markets, increase of Stakeholder and Shareholder expectations(Tony and Howell). Analysis According to financial management theory, its assumed that the fundamental objective for a firm is to maximise shareholders wealth (Watson Head 2007). Analysing the suggestions and arguments towards fundamental objective, it can be seen that not only in theory but also in the real world it is essential to maximise the wealth of shareholder. Analysing the objective of profit maximisation, overriding the classical economics views by Hayek (1960) and Friedman (1970), other authors, Solomon (1963) and Geoffrey (1970) argued about the criticisms associated with the objective of maximisation of profits. The conflict of short term goal of profit maximisation and long term objective of shareholder wealth maximisation can be identified as the main conflict. If a firm adapts to an objective of profit maximisation and the managers are rewarded incentives for achieving it, the agency problem could be arise. Therefore in such a situation managers may take decisions towards their own selfish interests, rather than on shareholders. Achieving their self interest managers may reduce costs by cutting research and development costs, reducing quality control measurements, reduce advertising, using lower quality materials. At the same time the NPV positive projects could also be postponed to reduce their costs to determine more profits in short term. Producing low quality products, losing market share, losing customer trust on their products and finally reducing financial performance could be resulted as a result of using low cost strategies. It may lead the business towards insecure stock prices in long run. The other criticism is profit maximisation does not appraise the associated risks. Therefore managers may undertake higher NPV projects to determine higher returns. However higher the required returns, higher the risk (Peter Atrill; Financial Management for Decision Makers, 2008). Investing on risky projects will result future cash flow problems. However, shareholders are assumed as rational investors who provide finance for firms to invest in future projects. As rational investors they require a reasonable return for their investments. Therefore it can be suggested that objective of profit maximising is different from the wealth maximising. Even though shareholder wealth maximisation is the fundamental, firms are not being able to reject the profit perspective goals, because there are stakeholder groups who is interesting about financial activities in a firm. In addition to shareholders, Managers, Employees, Customers, Suppliers, finance providers and the community at large are included in the typical stakeholder group. Therefore its essential to take account of profit maximisation within the firm. As a result of these multiple objectives managers can easily pursue their own interest. In real world, financial statements are used to assess firms performance. However, profits are defined as profit before interest and tax, profit after interest and so on. Therefore the ratio of Earnings per Share is often used instead of profit which is calculated using the net profits and the number of shares issued. Investors usually use EPS as a measurement of valuing stock. EPS is mostly used as it contains of net income of the firm, and it is also used as an indicator measuring firms future cash flows. Although the disadvantage is EPS does not determine shareholders wealth. However, firms value should be determined by the future cash flows and the risk also need to be considered which is associated to the cash flow. However as mentioned earlier, profits does not take account of risks. I:e:Reported profit figures such as Biotechnological companies and other new economy ventures have insignificant relationship on its stock prices (Financial Management Kaplan Publishers, 2009). Th erefore, in the short term theres an inconsistence between profit maximisation and increase in stock prices in a firm. According to Smith (1937), Berle and Means (1932) and Geoffrey (1994) the separation of ownership is involved the corporate structure. The conflict was mostly seen during the recent past, following the corporate scandals. According to Maria and William in the article of Privatisation and the Rise of Global Capital Markets (Financial Management; winter, 2000) The past years there was significant growth in capital markets valuation, growth in security issuance as a result of the privatisation programmes. The impacts of share issue privatisation are increasing market liquidity, pattern of share ownership (i:e: Individual and institutional investors such as Pension funds and Insurance Companies), and increasing of number of shareholders in many countries. However, globalisation was also affected on firms activities simultaneously. Therefore the firms (i:e: Enron Maxwell), which had poor Corporate Governance had the possibility to involving in unethical activities such as creative accounting and off balance sheet finance(Financial Management, Kaplan Publishers; 2009). At the same time Directors involved in high level of corporate takeover activities, achieving their personal interest such as empire build ing, large remuneration packages (Financial Management, Kaplan publishers; 2009). Further analysis of Stakeholder theory and Shareholder theory by different authors, Jenson 2005) and Daniel and Press (2006) argued the criticism of stakeholder theory, whilst Daniel, Heck and Shaffer (2008) and Freeman (1984) argued the importance of both shareholder and stakeholder theory. However, it can be suggested that the stakeholders play a significant role towards increasing shareholders value. As an example to motivate employees of the firm, they should be treated in a good manner by rewarding increments, bonuses and so on. Long term employee satisfaction could drive the firm towards higher performance and the development of the business by increasing higher productivity and better quality of products. Simultaneously, building up a trust among customers and acquire and maintain the industry leadership. At the same time shareholders provide finance for firms for its working capital management and noncurrent assets for its future projects. Therefore it can be seen an inter relationship and importance of shareholders and the other stakeholders. According to Peter Atrill, (Financial Management for Decision makers , 2008)In the early years financial management theory was mainly developed as part of accounting and the suggestions and arguments were based on casual observations rather than theoretical frame work. But after the number of high profile firms collapsed, the requirement of corporate governance occurred. Number of committees met and discussed to improve the Corporate Governance and the main concern was the conflict between shareholders interest and managers. Enron was the seventh largest listed company in US when its collapsed in 2001 as a result of manipulation of financial statements. Its affected to shareholders, more than 20000 employees worldwide, creditors and customers (Janis Sarra; St Johns Law Review ; Enrons Repercussion in Canada). The 11 titled Sarbanes Oxley Act 2002 CONLUSION By analysing the review of literature, it can be suggested that its essential to maximise shareholder value rather than maximising profits alone. However maximising profit is also can be defined as a performance measurement of a healthy business. Extremes of profit maximisation can also be caused unethical behaviour of management towards its shareholders and stakeholders. Although, Earnings per Share inconsistent with the long term value of shareholder, its still can be used as a performance measurement, since its got firms net profit. As a result of recent corporate scandals such as Enron, WorldCom and Arthur Anderson, shareholders and other stakeholder groups had given much emphasis on corporate behaviour. The unethical and illegal behaviour of those high profiled firms were lost investor confidence of capital markets. They identified the importance of Corporate Governance which provides the road map for managers to follow, pursuing different objectives towards the firm (Basley Brigham). At the same time the arrival of Sarbanes Oxley Act 2002 provided investors a much more confidence and strength towards capital markets. However, stakeholders are also important for firms. They are also treated well for the to maintain a Even there are conflicts between stakeholder theory and Shareholder theory, its necessary to balance these two theories. According to Cathy Haywards article (Black hole sums; Financial Management May 2003), during the period of May 2003 the pension funds in US and UK were in a bad condition. According to the assessment of National Association of Pension Funds, there was a drop in UK pension funds by more than 250 million in 2002. Its being told that there were many reasons for the crisis but, the huge drop in stock market during the economic down turn 2000-2003 has mainly been affected. The pensions funds are heavily depend on the dividend payments and the stability of the equity markets, as a result of the drop in share prices the pensions funds struggled to meet their obligations. References Besley Brigham Essentials of Managerial Finance Daniel, Heck Shaffer Journal of Applied Finance; Fall Winter 2008 Shareholder theory, How Opponents and Proponents Both Get it Wrong? Denzil Watson Antony Head Corporate Finance (electronic resource): principles and practice 2007 Management paradigms beyond profit maximisation Colloquium a debate by S K Chakraboty, Verghese Kurien, Jittu Singh, Mrityunjay Athreya, Arun Maira, Anu Aga, and Anil K Gupta. Maria K. Boutchkova William L. Megginson Privatisation and Rise of Global Capital Markets , Financial Management; Winter, 2000, p31-76 Peter Atrill Financial Management for Decision Makers 5th Edition 2008 (electronic resource) Poitras, Geoffrey Share Holder wealth Maximisation, Business ethics and social responsibility, Journal of Business Ethics; feb 1994;13,2;ABI/INFORM Global pg125 Rebecca Stratling The Legitamacy of Corporate Social Responsibility ; Corporate Ownership and Control; Volume 4; Issue 4, Summer 2007 Tony Ike Nwanji, Kerry E. Howell; A review of the two main competing models of Corporate Governance: The Shareholder ship model versus the Stakeholder ship model; Corporate Ownership and Control, Volume 5, Issue 1, Fall 2007

Quotations from Leonidas of Sparta

The Nissan Rogue A Compact Crossover Sport Utility...

Fully redesigned for 2014, the Nissan Rogue is a compact crossover sport utility vehicle with standard seating for five or available seating for seven. Now in its second generation, the Rogue offers standard front-wheel drive with available all-wheel drive and can be had in one of three trim levels. Product Overview, Test Model Nissan arrived late to the compact SUV market, having jumped in as far more established models such as the Honda CR-V and Ford Escape dominated the segment. But its late entry and subsequent update have made this model a strong competitor. It is also a model offering an optional third row seat as part of a SV edition family package ($540) upgrade that brings in run-flat tires as well. Right off, I can’t recommend the package for the two reasons given as the third row offers only token room and the run flats mean there is no spare tire to be had. Indeed, it was an SV edition with that package and front-wheel drive that served as my weekly driver. Priced from $24,490, upgrades such as roof rail cross bars ($290) and an SV premium package ($1,500) put this 2015 model’s final price at $28,170. Shop for a 2016 edition and you’ll find the Rogue S priced from $23,140, the SV from $24,590, and the SL priced from $28,540. Add $1,350 to the price if you choose all-wheel drive. By the Numbers The Nissan Rogue sits on a 106.5-inch wheelbase and measures 182.3 inches long by 72.4 inches wide by 66.3 inches tall. In the Nissan line up, the Rogue sits

Justify the Inclusion of Social Studies in the Primary...

Gateway Christian Training College Name: Salma Adam Subject: PSB SS Lecturer: Mrs Chiyangwa Class: First Year Year: 2015 Comments:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Question: Justify the inclusion of social studies in the Primary School curriculum Date: 6 March 2015 Social studies as defined by the American National Council for social studies (1992) is â€Å"the integrated study of the social sciences and humanities to promote civic competence†. Civic competence refers to the knowledge of rights and duties of citizens.According to Social Studies in Washington state â€Å"social studies comprises the study of relationships among people,and between people and the environment,it recognises†¦show more content†¦Young people who are knowledgeable, skilful and committed to democracy are necessary to sustaining and improving our democratic way of life,and participating as members of a global community. Social studies is a vehicle for children to become better communicators, thinkers, researchers, computer users and artists.It provides them with necessary skills that are essential in their overall development. They learn: analysis, evaluating, listening, inquiry and also how to differentiate between personal good and common good.Social studies provides learning opportunities for students to engage in active inquiry and develop critical and creative thinking.They become able to tackle problem solving and conflict resolution with an awareness of the ethical consequences of decision making.Through social studies,children learn to recognise and responsibly address injustices as they occur at school, in the community and the world at large.They develop the skill of engaging in conversation and debate by being able to communicate ideas and information in an informed, organised and persuasive manner.The skills exclusively related to social studies are those related to maps and globes, such as understanding and using locational and directional terms.Skills that enhance a student’sShow MoreRelatedEDU10003 The World Of Maths Assessment 2 ESSAY SM1577 Words   |  7 Pageshas changed from careful rehearsal of standard procedures to a focus on mathematical thinking and communication to prepare them for the world of tomorrow (Anghileri, 2006, p.2). 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International Business A Financial Crisis, World s Top...

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To Kill a Mockingbird Essay free essay sample

Discrimination is a topic many authors have focused on for a long time. It has been the basis of many arguments, and has been around for thousands of years. Prejudice still currently affects our society today. In Harper Lee’s book, To Kill A Mockingbird, prejudice is evident in the form of social, and racial discrimination through the characters of Scout, Atticus, and Tom and some other characters in the novel. The most prominent form of racial discrimination in the book is Tom’s trial. Tom, a black male, was wrongly accused of raping Mayella Ewell. Bob Ewell comes up with this story to convince the jury that Tom is guilty, and to cover his tracks of domestic abuse. Mayella Ewell was attacked by a person who is left handed, and Tom’s left hand was crippled by an accident with a cotton gin. Although Tom had a reason for being perfectly innocent, the jury sentenced him just because it was a white woman’s words over a black male’s. This creates the author’s effect because it helps Scout think about Miss Caroline’s point of view. The author may use this to develop the theme of racism because it shows that you should think about what other people may be thinking. This scene has an importance in characterization because it leads to having Scout learn coming of age. For example, â€Å"She had learned not to hand something to a Cunningham, for one thing, but if Walter and I had put ourselves in her shoes we’d have seen it was an honest mistake on her part. † We realize Scout is learning about Miss Caroline and why she would want her to stop reading at home. This creates the author’s effect because it shows Scout is growing up and she is thinking of other people’s point of view. The author may use this to develop the theme of coming of age because it shows that Scout had realized that she should think about the other person’s perspective. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee uses conflict to have Scout realize to understand a person’s choices. For example, â€Å"Bit by bit, I told him the day’s misfortunes,† Scout had said. â€Å"If you can learn a simple trick, Scout, you’ll get along a lot better with all kinds of folks. You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view. † Atticus had informed Scout. This creates the author’s effect because it shows Scout conflict resulted in her learning about other people’s point of views. The author may use this to develop the theme of coming of age because it shows Scout realizing about Miss Caroline’s point of view. Harper Lee used setting, characterization and conflict to develop one of the major themes of the novel: in order to understand a person, you must look through their eyes. This important theme is shown throughout the whole novel.

Nursing Research Class Notes free essay sample

Nursing research is the process that underpins all the other things we have talked about. How was it determined that one particular way of carrying out nursing care was better than another way? How was it decided that a particular framework of understanding will explain certain behaviors better than another? When we discussed frameworks of understanding or conceptual models earlier in the course you learnt that there are various ways of viewing mental illness were discussed and the treatments were based upon eradicating or fixing the cause. This can be described as ways of knowing and ways of intervening. These beliefs came about as the result of research. That is asking, and trying to answer such questions as Why does this occur?, Does this treatment work better than that treatment?, How do we know?, Do more people improve if we do this rather than that?. Research is a way of gaining knowledge about concerns that psychiatric nurses have. What is the best way to help this client with this particular distress? Is there any evidence that suggests that this way of caring is better than that? Nursing research is relatively new in some ways but in other ways gathering-nursing knowledge has been going on since the early days of nursing. Women learned through watching and observing what treatments worked best. This is one particular kind of knowledge. Potter and Perry discuss this in Chapter 5 â€Å"Nurses Ways of Knowing†. Ethical, personal, esthetic knowledge was identified and scientific became one more way of knowing. In terms of nursing research we can return to Florence Nightingale who of course made the observation that there were more deaths closer to the open sewer than there were for men whose beds were further away. This is an excellent example of drawing a conclusion by making observations thereby developing new knowledge. Research itself is a way of developing knowledge but there are other ways of developing knowledge. They are differentially respected and acknowledged but each is a way of `knowing. When you take your research course in fourth year you will learn more about the various kinds of research. For now I just want to highlight the major ways of gathering knowledge. This is Chapter 5 in Potter and Perry and there is also reference to research in Stuart and Laraia under Evidenced Based Practice p 76-83. The opening section of the chapter in Potter and Perry gives a little background on the emergence of nursing practice and theory. Nursing science came into its own: no longer a discipline applying the knowledge of other disciplines but a unique body of knowledge. A good activity for you to consider doing is to go onto the Library website and click on journal holdings, once there search psychiatric nursing. Journals that publish the results of nursing research and in particular psychiatric nursing are a very important part of your reading and learning how to read a research article is an important skill to develop. We will discuss this further momentarily, for now I want now to review ways of gaining knowledge. 1. Tradition certain beliefs are accepted sometimes without too much enquiry. Its weve always done it that way. This may be good but sometimes it is appropriate to question these traditions. 2. Expert Authority: Asking an expert or authority is a very common way of gathering information. All of us ask for information from time to time but we also have to be somewhat cautious about confusing information and knowledge. But certainly we do seek out knowledge and assistance from others. There are, of course, some limitations since not all authorities are always right and like tradition, we do not always challenge this knowledge. 3. Experience A lot of what we know we have learned ourselves. Children certainly do this all the time. Sometimes through unfortunate experience like putting their little hand on a hot stove: Learning is also part of knowledge acquisition. But we also solve problems from experience. Like, if I turn off the alarm and dont get out of bed in the morning, I am late for work. So we learn not to do that. The ability to generalize and recognize patterns and make predictions is one of the hallmarks of the human mind and has been a large part of how our ancestors developed knowledge. It is always rains every time there are black clouds, then the next time you see black clouds, rain is predicted.. But there are limitations, first each persons experience may be too limited to generalize all the time. Maybe black clouds predicting rain only occurs in your part of the world for some environmental reason. Secondly your personal experiences may be colored by biases. 4. Investigating Ideas: Where would we be if no one pursued their ideas for instance, testing molds for their antibiotic value That the earth is not flat but round 5. Reasoning or Problem Solving Thinking through problems and finding solutions. There are two intellectual methods used in reasoning. Inductive reasoning is the process of drawing conclusions and generalizations from specific observation. For example a nurse may observe anxious behavior in children who are removed from their parents and conclude that separation is a stressful event.. Deductive reasoning. This is the process of developing specific predictions from general principles. For example, if you assume that separation anxiety occurs in children removed from their parents then you may predict that children, in your hospital will show signs of anxiety. So we have gone from a general assumption to a specific situation. So, induction is to make or develop a theory from actual observation or grounded in observation. Deduction is to have a hypothesis or a theory and then test it. These terms will become important when you are considering qualitative and quantitative research. Both of these reasoning systems are important for you to think about. They are both useful. But errors can also occur or faulty reasoning. However it may lead to the development of questions 6. The scientific method, which is considered the most objective and accurate way of developing knowledge. However, it, too, can certainly be questioned as you may discover but it is also considered one of the primary ways of developing knowledge. Beginning on p. 85 of Potter and Perry they describe the characteristics of research with a number of definitions you need to study. The sooner you grasp these concepts the better off you will be in future courses. To understand the research process and for your future endeavors I like to begin with the components of a research article in a journal. I have briefly described these below: Title: A succinct description of key elements of the study Running head: Usually a two to three word description of the key elements of the study, which runs at the top of each page. Abstract: A succinct paragraph describing key features of the study, the population studied, the variables manipulated; the findings and discussion point. Usually of 150 words or so. Literature Review: A summary of key research findings from other studies, which lead into your study. If you are studying in a new emerging field this may be short; if in a well established area it may be lengthy or, it might focus on one key area for instance of child development (i.e. there are numerous areas of child development-your study may be focused on cognitive development so it is not required to review all areas of child development within the literature review). The review should provide the reader with an understanding of the area, without missing key studies and without losing the audience with obscurely related information. The literature review should cover research related to your key variables of interest and should draw the reader into your hypotheses. Hypothesis: what you think the relationship between variables is. Depending on the level of research one might have an exploratory hypothesis or you may have predictive hypotheses suggesting the results are going to be in the direction of (one way or the other). This might be a good time to review any of the terms used thus far in Potter and Perry and especially look at table 6-2 which describes levels of research. It is difficult to keep a complex topic simple. Method: The method contains subsections. It usually begins with a description of the sample (who did you interview, who comprised your sample (children, parents, university students etc). One would also find how the sample was selected (was it randomized, was it a captured audience, was it every blonde haired blue eyed left handed boy) Detail is expected. The method section will also describe the research design and procedures. Both are essential for someone else who might say I don’t believe these results. I want to try and replicate the study. Which has been done with interesting results in many areas. Research designs are very complex and influence the type of statistical analysis that can be done. I refer you back to table 6-2 for a beginning understanding of this. Test in struments and their reliability and validity are also expected in the methodology section. Identification of independent and dependent variables would also be described here. The independent variable is that variable you are manipulating i.e. temperature of the room; the dependent variable are the observations you are making i.e. number of complaints of room temperature in a given interval of time. Results: This section will go through sample characteristics, main findings described pictorially sometimes in graphs or may be tables. Results are described matter of factly with little interpretation. Limitations of the study: these become important to the conclusions one can draw. For example if I were studying teen pregnancy and the needs of young mothers and my group ended up being older teens would this be representative of younger teens. Conclusions: This is where results can be interpreted and tied back to the literature review. Were findings supportive to the hypothesis or not and if not what might explain the findings. Implications for nursing practice: it would be found in nursing research studies, not often in other research. The application of nurs ing research is an important area for future discussion. As psychiatric nurses we must however be able to critique research. Sometimes it is conducted under ideal conditions where there is control over a number of variables and there may be difficulty applying it in the real world. That is perhaps why observations of a patients behavior may be better to understand their experience in the real world. Research is the use of a series of steps to gather objective knowledge and nursing research of course is the study of phenomenon of interest to nurses, which is often the patients response to illness and nursing interventions. The second point there is control but we have to understand what scientific research is attempting to state. It is the relationships between 2 variables. That is, if I do one thing will it influence another? So just to take a simple nursing example, we might theorize or predict that a patient who lies on their back for long periods will develop pressure sores. So if the patient is turned frequently and does not develop pressure sores we might conclude that turning is related to unbroken skin. Say, however, at the same time as turning the patients skin is gently massaged; now we cant tell if it is the turning or the massage that resulted in the unbroken and healthy skin. So this is what is meant by control of external factors. Sometimes you may hear this referred to as level of control over the variables of interest. If you are using the scientific method then you probably have a hypothesis you want to test and you would set up your experiment to either prove or disprove. This would be quantitative research. But if you are observing a phenomenon and want to study it in its natural state then you are more likely doing qualitative research. Qualitative research is particularly well suited to psychiatric nursing because it. involves gathering information about people’s experiences which we could use an instrument to assess which would give us a quantitative measure i.e., how traumatized were you 0-10. Asking a person to tell their story gives us significantly more information. Methods can be combined. The ethnographic qualitative research method tends to look at humans in their natural environment. This research always takes place in the field often over a long time. Collection and analysis of data takes place concurrently, as insights are gained new questions may emerge. Often the opinions of the people under study are sought which is very different from quantitative research where opinions and feelings are not considered valid. You will become m ore proficient at reading, understanding and critiquing research but there is no reason why you should not be locating and reading nursing research journals now. Research Principles and terms The practice of Psychiatric Nursing is guided by nursing knowledge. As a profession nursing has developed a unique body of knowledge, which guides the practice of nursing. There is a number of ways in which knowledge is developed and disseminated. They are listed in Potter Perry. Question: State 6 ways of acquiring knowledge. Polit and Hungler (1997) use these terms to describe the scientific research method: Disciplined Research. Research conducted within a disciplined format is the most sophisticated method of acquiring knowledge that humans have developed. Nursing research combines aspects of logical reasoning with other features to create systems of problem solving that, although fallible, tend to be more reliable than tradition, authority, personal experience, intuition, or inductive or deductive reasoning alone. (P.11) The scientific method does have its drawbacks however, it is conducted under ideal conditions and sometimes there may be difficulties in applying it to the real world. There are however two main categories of research Quantitative and Qualitative. Quantitative research follows the scientific model and has a series of clearly defined steps. Quantitative research Process Identify an issue Gather information†¨ State the hypothesis†¨ Review the literature†¨ Design the study†¨ Gather the data†¨ Evaluate the findings Qualitative Research Qualitative research differs from quantitative in that it is a less linear process. It more often involves gathering information about individuals by observing them in their natural environment or through interviews. This type of research takes place in the field rather than the laboratory. The information is rich and varied and subject to the interpretation of the researcher. This is one of its limitations. Nurse researchers can be involved in either quantitative or qualitative research, but most importantly, nursing research should be able to be applied to psychiatric nursing practice. Here is a list of some research projects of psychiatric nurses: Examples of research studies conducted by nurses in Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health topics: Client expectation and perception of the nurseâ₠¬â„¢s role in relationship to client satisfaction. A comparative study of widows’ and widowers’ perceived social support during the first year of bereavement. The effects of cognitive-behavioral nursing intervention for depressed patients and their families. Factors affecting staff nurses’ use of limit setting with disruptive patients. Nurses’ attitudes toward the suicidal patient. Nursing interventions with long-term patients in regard to their physical appearance: An evaluation study. The nurse’s therapeutic use of touch as related to withdrawn patients. Observable signs of anxiety or distress during psychiatric interviews conducted by nurses. Patient and situational factors that affect nursing students’ like or dislike of caring for patients A study of alcoholic patients’ perception of the role of the nurse. A study of the confidence level of nurses in caring for patients with depression. A study of psychiatric patients’ knowledge about their prescribed medications. Question: What do you think would be a good research topic for psychiatric nurses? Some terms to Learn in Relation to Research

Invisible Man Sample Essay

Invisible Man Sample EssayAn invisible man sample essay can be completed in one or two days. There are no specific guidelines, but it is usually easier to complete the sample when it is one that is substantially different from other samples. The invisible man sample essay can vary in length, so the writer should make sure to leave some time to complete the assignment.When the writer begins to write, he should begin by outlining his thoughts. He should take the time to sit down and write out a storyboard of what he has in mind. Once he has a storyboard, he should work out the plot and the main characters. He should then begin writing the introduction and the conclusion. Some writers find it helpful to use computer software to help them write the first sentence of the invisible man sample essay.Writers should begin to brainstorm their invisible man essay by taking some notes while they are writing. The invisible man essay can be highly stylized, so it is not always necessary to take di ctation. However, the writer can use the software provided to jot down words and phrases that are important.Once the outline is complete, it should be re-written for grammar and spelling. The writer should be able to catch mistakes as he is writing. After he has taken the time to check the outline for errors, he should start working on the body of the invisible man sample essay.The writer should begin to rewrite the body of the invisible man sample essay by adding relevant facts and information. He should also decide how he will be using the words. It is helpful to use spell check and to proofread the invisible man sample essay before submitting it. The writer should not forget to give proper credit to the writer's college or university.Afterhe has written the invisible man sample essay, he should make sure to read it thoroughly. It should be checked for grammatical errors, spelling errors, and punctuation issues. Once the invisible man sample essay has been re-read, it should be ed ited for tone and style.The writer should make sure to add a brief introduction and a conclusion to the invisible man sample essay. Then he should find a paper and pencil. The invisible man sample essay should then be completed by the writer and the reader.Writing an invisible man sample essay is a great way to introduce a new writer to writing. The writer should be careful not to try too hard and to avoid spelling and grammar errors. Using a computer program is helpful to get ideas and to determine if he can write the invisible man sample essay on his own.

If Marijuana Were To Be Legal Essays - Drug Control Law,

If Marijuana Were To Be Legal Drugs are a major influential force in our country today. The problem has gotten so out of hand that many options are being considered to control it or even solve it. Ending the drug war seems to be a bit impossible. The war on drugs seems to be accomplishing a lot but this is not true. Different options need to be considered. Legalization is an option that hasn't gotten a chance but should be given one. Although many people feel that legalizing marijuana would increase the amount of use, marijuana should be legalized because it will reduce the great amounts of money spent on enforcement and it will increase our country's revenue. There are also many benefits that can be uncovered to help people if legalization of marijuana is given a chance. Legalizing marijuana would increase our economy's revenue. During Prohibition alcohol use was still sold and used, but people were doing it illegally. The 21st amendment repealed prohibition and alcohol taxes were increased. The same thing should happen with drugs. Marijuana should be taxed heavily to increase our revenue. Marijuana and other drugs would be made by the same people who make aspirin so the quality would be assured, containing no poisons or adulterants. Sterile hypodermic needles will be readily available at corner drug stores. These could be taxed heavily because the users will be assured of "clean drugs." Making drugs legal will reduce the great amounts of money spent on enforcement every year. Drug dealers and users are one step ahead on the enforcement process. If one drug lord is caught, another one will show up somewhere else. We cannot win. "In 1987, 10 billion dollars were spent alone just on enforcing drug laws. Drugs accounted for about 40 percent of all felony indictments in the New York City courts in 1989. This figure is quadruple what it was in 1985. . Forty percent of the people in federal prison are drug law violators" (Long 114). One can only imagine what this figure would be like today. Too much money is wasted on a cause that seems to be no end to. "In 1989, a Republican county executive of Mercer County N.J. estimated that it would cost him as much as 1 billion dollars to build the jail space needed to house all the hard-core drug users in Trenton alone" (Long 128). All of this money could be used on better things. By lifting the ban on marijuana use and treating it like other drugs such as tobacco and alcohol, the nation would gain immediate and long-term benefits. This change in the law would greatly improve the quality of life for many people. Victims of glaucoma and those needing antinausea treatment, for example, would find marijuana easily available. Also, the cloud of suspicion would disappear, and doctors could get on with investigating marijuana's medical uses without fear of controversy. In the essay, "Drugs", Vidal states, " Nevertheless many drugs are bad for certain people to take and they should be told why in a sensible way" (321-322). It might become possible to discuss the dangers of marijuana use without getting caught up in a policy debate.. Meanwhile, the black market would disappear overnight. Some arrangement would be made to license the production of marijuana cigarettes. Thousands of dealers would be put out of business, and a secret part of the economy would come into the open. It is difficult to say whether this change would reduce crime because criminals would probably continue to sell other drugs. But it would have an impact on the amount of money flowing through criminal channels, and this might weaken organized crime. The legalization of marijuana would benefit the federal budget in two ways, the federal revenues would increase, because marijuana cigarettes would be taxed at the point of sale. In return, the companies that make the cigarettes would also pay income taxes.. Second, there would be a reduction on the amount spent on law enforcement efforts to apprehend and prosecute users and sellers of marijuana. The drug enforcement authorities might reduce their budget requests, or, more likely, focus more intensely on hard drugs and violent crimes. The courts would be relieved of hearing some drug cases, as well. The most important gain would be in the quality of government. The sorts of temptations and opportunities that lead to corruption would be significantly minimized. The illogical pattern of law enforcement, which now treats marijuana as more dangerous as alcohol, would end. It would set more achievable goals for law enforcement, and this would lend strength and credibility

Diante Hardy Hardy 1 Essays (455 words) - Bartleby, The Scrivener

Diante Hardy Hardy 1 Essays (455 words) - Bartleby, The Scrivener Diante Hardy Hardy 1 Mr.Nerney AP English 9 November 2016 Bartleby is a strange guy. The narrator refers to Bartleby as a "pale" man in Bartleby the Scrivener . Bartleby is a scrivener; he does his job well, hardly ever stops working and he gets things done quickly and efficiently. However, he is a man of few words. In fact he is a man of one phrase: "I would prefer not to." He says this to anything that is requested of him other than to copy documents. He actually outright refuses to do anything else that his boss asks him to do. What is to be said or done about the many "Bartleby's" of the world? They come in many shapes and sizes and are misunderstood and boggled about for different reasons. They all trigger a sense of softhearted humanity in all they touch. The narrator of the story is the boss of Bartleby and yet his employer just cannot seem to get angry. Bartleby simply states that he would rather not perform his instructed duties. He does not say in vain but in a sadness of some sort. There is something about Bartleby that calms the reader yet makes them slightly angry over Bartleby's stubbornness. The narrator felt calm but also confused by Bartleby's way of going about things. Although the narrator, an attorney, employed quite a strange few of scriveners to work underneath him, Bartleby was by far the most different out of the whole group. For each time an employer requested for him to examine a copied paper, Bartleby would reply, "I would prefer not to" and proceed with what he was doing at the moment. "I looked at him steadfastly. His face was leanly composed; his gray eyes dimly calm. Not a wrinkle of agitation rippled him. Had there been at least uneasiness, anger, impatience or impertinence in his mannerhad there been anything ordinarily human about him, doubtless I should have violently dismissed him from the premises." This shows the significance that Bartleby holds, in the way of him making another human think and act. "I would prefer not to" is always Bartleby's reply. The narrator did beyond what most good-hearted people would have done for Bartleb y and finally, he said, "I think he is a little deranged." Humanity affected Bartleby and the narrator. Bartleby handled dead letters and he must have seen humanity and inhumanity with those letters. Those letters left Bartleby dead inside and let nothing after matter to him anymore. He may as well preferred not to live, and the attorney who tried to make Ba rtleby human again was too late. Something so simple and innocent turned out so sad and unclear.

EU & HR Seen Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

EU & HR Seen Questions - Essay Example The purpose of this paper is to study the acts impacts on privacy issues and other controversies related to the UK Human Rights Act of 1998. One of the first cases that spark controversy related to this act involved The Times and a convicted murder Lee Clegg. Lee Clegg was a military officer convicted of murdering a teenage joy rider in 1993 for which he served a two and half year sentence before been cleared by the courts of the charges (BBC, 2000). While the soldier was in prison the newspaper followed a protest of people campaigning for the release of Mr. Clegg and later published an article. The lawyer of Lee Clegg did not like the newspaper involvement and suit them for libel, a civil suit which Mr. Clegg won. The Times claimed they were within their rights to publish the story, but the court decision was based on the fact the activity was a private meeting which did not provide them with the rights reporters have of writing and voicing their opinions of public events. In this case the Human Rights Act of 1998 ruled in favor of an individual over the press and allowed this person to earn a significant cash award of over $100,000. The ruling created a precedent which would open the door for the utilization of the Act for other judicial purposes. Article 8 of the Human Rights Act 1998 involves the right to respect for private and family life. Article 8(2) stipulates that there shall be no interference by a public authority with the exercise of this right except as in accordance with this law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interest of national security, public safety, or economic well being of the country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, or for the protection of rights or freedoms of others (Opsi, 1998). Article 8 protects intrusion into the private life of individuals, a

The Annual Information of Sparkle Plc along with the Financial Essay

The Annual Information of Sparkle Plc along with the Financial Statements - Essay Example To support the significance of such information, theories of concepts are also explained. The recommendations included are from the perspective of a financial account which is responsible to advise the directors of Sparkle Plc. A comprehensive report which contains the activities, financial and non-financial performance evaluation statements of the company are called the Annual Report. The annual report is prepared to give the stakeholders of the company, mainly the shareholders an elaborate and transparent view of the company (Friedlob, and Welton, 2008, p. 3). It is also essential in attracting prospective investors to make investments. The annual report not only contains the financial statements such as income statement, balance sheet, or cash flow statements but also other reports such as director’s report, auditor’s report, corporate social responsibility information, etc. In short, the annual report contains company’s business functions, products or services, sources of finances and resources, human resource involvement, countries of operation, responsibilities and contribution towards society, performance in terms of revenue generation, financial and accounting standards that it follows, and future goals or objectives structured for the next year (Thomsett, 2007, p. 5). This report is Sparkle Plc., a company which deals in cleaning products. Sparkle Plc. want to prepare their annual reports to attract more investors and also present a transparent image to their existing shareholders. The board of directors of the company already has the idea that the annual report would include the financial statements of the company. However, as discussed it is not only the financial statements that are important because many investors do not and cannot assess the financial health of the company only through revenue figures.  Ã‚